Members of some evangelical Protestant churches reported they experienced discrimination in employment practices due to their religious affiliation, especially those who observed a Saturday Sabbath. The total Land Area of Madagascar is 581,540 sq. In Madagascar, a predominantly Christian country , the rise of Islam is worrying the population. The economy was weakened by the 2009 political crisis, and as of 2017[update], quality of life remains low for the majority of the population. The last wave of Arab immigrants would be the Antalaotra who Representatives of some evangelical Christian churches, however, expressed disappointment that they were not invited to such consultations. (2020) Absolute annual change in primary energy consumption. [175], Madagascar's natural resources include a variety of agricultural and mineral products. Members of some Muslim groups denounced political interference in their internal affairs by current and former political leaders. In 2014, it is estimated to have 23,752,887. As per the UN World Population Prospects report, the population of Madagascar in 2022 is 29,611,714 ( 29.6 million or 2.96 Crore), Estimated Population of Madagascar in 2023: 30 million or 3 Crore, read about Top countries in Africa by population. Approximately 60% of the population of Diego is Muslim, including the mayor and police chief. Since independence, Comoros has endured political instability . Katesa Schlosser describes several in Africa (300, 67), and nearly as many movements are known from America. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Leaders of the Muslim Malagasy Association said some members of the public often associated them with Islamists and extremists. [219] Malagasy people traditionally consult Mpanandro ("Makers of the Days") to identify the most auspicious days for important events such as weddings or famadihana, according to a traditional astrological system introduced by Arabs. According to the US Department of State, Muslims constitute 15 to 25 percent of the population as of 2020. The number of births per year in Madagascar greatly overshadows the number of deaths. These policies, coupled with economic pressures stemming from the 1973 oil crisis, resulted in the rapid collapse of Madagascar's economy and a sharp decline in living standards,[36] and the country had become completely bankrupt by 1979. Those schooled during this period generally failed to master the French language or many other subjects and struggled to find employment, forcing many to take low-paying jobs in the informal or black market that mired them in deepening poverty. Islam is also practiced on the island. They make up around 40.1% of the total population. As of 2011[update], areas protected by the state included five Strict Nature Reserves (Rserves Naturelles Intgrales), 21 Wildlife Reserves (Rserves Spciales) and 21 National Parks (Parcs Nationaux). Zanzibari The 2017 code did not address the issue of children born of two stateless parents. Rain clouds originating over the Indian Ocean discharge much of their moisture over the island's eastern coast; the heavy precipitation supports the area's rainforest ecosystem. Malawi [UN](1998) 18,497,984 2,3 69,592 . While there is some evidence of human presence on the island in the millennia B.C., large-scale settlement began between A.D. 350 and 550 with settlers from present-day Indonesia. [69], The occupation of France during the Second World War tarnished the prestige of the colonial administration in Madagascar and galvanized the growing independence movement, leading to the Malagasy Uprising of 1947. also the first to correctly identify the origin of most Malagasy by suggesting [75] In March 2009, Rajoelina was declared by the Supreme Court as the President of the High Transitional Authority, an interim governing body responsible for moving the country toward presidential elections. [34] As Merina dominance expanded over neighboring Malagasy peoples in the early 19th century to establish the Kingdom of Madagascar, Antananarivo became the center of administration for virtually the entire island. The law requires religious groups to register with the Ministry of the Interior. [133] To raise public awareness of Madagascar's environmental challenges, the Wildlife Conservation Society opened an exhibit entitled "Madagascar!" He was previously president from 2009 to 2014. Madagascar's population density is 118.84 people per square mile (45.89 people per square kilometer), making it the 135th most densely populated country in the world. At least one upper secondary school is located in each of the larger urban centers. Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world. Madagascar had 25,045,161 inhabitants in July 2017. According to local Muslim religious leaders and secular academics, the majority of Muslims are Sunni. Southern Madagascar is in crisis with more than a million people facing acute food insecurity as the region suffers its worst drought in four decades. Madagascar was initially habituated by Austronesian seafarers. Another 41 percent are Christians, divided into Catholics and Protestants. The Madagascar population was 28,172,462 in 2022, based on the CIA World Factbook. The government continued to include Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha in the list of national holidays and consulted the Muslim community when setting the appropriate date. [2][3][4][5] The vast majority of Muslims in Madagascar practice Sunni Islam of the Shafi school of jurisprudence,[1] with sizeable Shia and Ahmadiyya communities. Agriculture (including the growing of raffia), mining, fishing and forestry are mainstays of the economy. [38], Contacts continued from the 1550s. Due to secular nature of the Madagascar's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country.. Islam has been well established in what is now known as Madagascar for centuries and today Muslims represent 2 to 25 percent of the total population. [87], The IMF forced Madagascar's government to accept structural adjustment policies and liberalization of the economy when the state became bankrupt in 1982 and state-controlled industries were gradually privatized over the course of the 1980s. Madagascar's religious situation is fairly unique because just over half of the country's population still practice indigenous beliefs, which emphasize the relationship between the living and the dead and worships a supreme being named Andriamanitra. [156] Fifty-six percent of Madagascar's power is provided by hydroelectric power plants, with the remaining 44% provided by diesel engine generators. Countries with the highest Muslim Population Although many may associate Islam with countries in the Middle East, nearly 62% of Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region, according to the Pew Research Center analysis. Since the world's Muslim population is expected to grow by 35% by 2030, there will be greater demand . Madagascar ranked 6th last for islam > percentage muslim amongst Former French colonies in 2004. [180], Madagascar has one of the world's largest reserves of ilmenite (titanium ore), as well as important reserves of chromite, coal, iron, cobalt, copper and nickel. Religious leaders, including representatives of the evangelical Vahao ny Oloko (Release my People) Christian Church, continued to state that inadequate government enforcement of labor laws resulted in some employers requiring their employees to work during regular days of worship. Yet politically the island remained fragmented. All of these different tribes highlight the ethnic diversity that is prevalent in this region. [97] Three-fourths[98] of Madagascar's 860[96] orchid species are found here alone, as are six of the world's nine baobab species. Muslims are only 7 percent of this population. In 1998, the age structure of the population was 45 percent between 0-14 years; 52 percent 15-64 years; and 3 percent over 65 years. [184] Imports of such items as foodstuffs, fuel, capital goods, vehicles, consumer goods and electronics consume an estimated 52percent of GDP. [29] By 600CE, groups of these early settlers had begun clearing the forests of the central highlands. Madagascar - Religion. One of its largest age groups in Madagascar lies in the age 25-54 bracket (around 30.8% of the total population), which provides it with a large labor force that is available to take a large number of jobs and help in its development. [36], The Malagasy language is of Malayo-Polynesian origin and is generally spoken throughout the island. Muslim leaders and local scholars estimate Muslims currently constitute between 15 and 25 percent of the population. Nearly one in two children under the age of five is stunted. Three former presidents and the most recent president were the main candidates of the elections. The cumulative area of the country is 226,658 square miles (587,021 square kilometers). Engaging Muslims in Madagascar. The dates of the official exam for students completing secondary school had to be rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, causing it to overlap with the Eid al-Adha holiday. Office of the U.S. Muslim > Muslim population: Muslim population 2014 Pew Report. Access to medical care remains beyond the reach of many Malagasy, especially in the rural areas, and many recourse to traditional healers. The numbers here come from UNFPA and fellow UN agencies, and are updated annually. [221] Traditional houses in Madagascar are likewise similar to those of southern Borneo in terms of symbolism and construction, featuring a rectangular layout with a peaked roof and central support pillar. It is projected that the current growth rate of 2.69% will get down to 2% by 2045. Popular resentment over Tsiranana's tolerance for this "neo-colonial" arrangement inspired a series of farmer and student protests that overturned his administration in 1972.[36]. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom, Section IV. Succeeding his mother, Radama II (186163) attempted to relax the queen's stringent policies, but was overthrown two years later by Prime Minister Rainivoninahitriniony (18521865) and an alliance of Andriana (noble) and Hova (commoner) courtiers, who sought to end the absolute power of the monarch. The "pacification" carried out by the French administration lasted more than fifteen years, in response to the rural guerrillas scattered throughout the country. [126], Invasive species have likewise been introduced by human populations. The labor code prohibits religious discrimination in labor unions and professional associations. Nonetheless, many sources still claimed that Malagasy and French were official languages, eventually leading a citizen to initiate a legal case against the state in April 2000, on the grounds that the publication of official documents only in the French language was unconstitutional. The famadihana is an occasion to celebrate the beloved ancestor's memory, reunite with family and community, and enjoy a festive atmosphere. In addition, the Malagasy traditionally believe in a creator god, called Zanahary or Andriamanitra. Access to schooling was expanded in coastal areas during the colonial period, with French language and basic work skills becoming the focus of the curriculum. [87] Several major projects are underway in the mining, oil and gas sectors that are anticipated to give a significant boost to the Malagasy economy. In 1508, settlers there built a tower, a small village, and a stone column. [6], Last edited on 26 November 2022, at 01:01, "2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Madagascar", "Religion, Churches, and Madagascar's Recurring Conflict", Institut franais des relations internationales, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Madagascar&oldid=1123848824, This page was last edited on 26 November 2022, at 01:01. While the use of Arabic script and loan words and the adoption of Islamic astrology would spread across the island, the Islamic religion took hold in only a handful of southeastern coastal communities. Islam is the second largest religion in the world, with having more than 1.8 billion muslims in the world. [25][26][27] Dates earlier than the mid-first millennium AD are not strongly supported. [87] The number of Europeans has declined since independence, reduced from 68,430 in 1958[71] to 17,000 three decades later. Other laws protect individual religious beliefs against abuses by government or private actors. [36], Following the coup, the courtiers offered Radama's queen, Rasoherina (186368), the opportunity to rule, if she would accept a power sharing arrangement with the Prime Minister: a new social contract that would be sealed by a political marriage between them. Although located some 250 miles (400 km) from the African continent, Madagascar's population is primarily related not to African peoples but rather to those of Indonesia, more than 3,000 miles (4,800 km) to the east. [36] From about 1774 to 1824, Madagascar gained prominence among pirates and European traders, particularly those involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. There is no law prohibiting or limiting religious education in public or private schools. [139] The courts, which adhere to civil law, lack the capacity to quickly and transparently try the cases in the judicial system, often forcing defendants to pass lengthy pretrial detentions in unsanitary and overcrowded prisons. [197] Education policy in Ravalomanana's second term focused on quality issues, including an increase in minimum education standards for the recruitment of primary teachers from a middle school leaving certificate (BEPC) to a high school leaving certificate (BAC), and a reformed teacher training program to support the transition from traditional didactic instruction to student-centered teaching methods to boost student learning and participation in the classroom. All 651 species of terrestrial snail are endemic, as are a majority of the island's butterflies, scarab beetles, lacewings, spiders, and dragonflies. Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, with a population of over 26 million people and a diverse array of plants and animals. ethnicities. slave traders working their way down the east coast of Africa in their In 2017, the capital's population was estimated at 1,391,433 inhabitants. These individuals remained unable to obtain citizenship, even after several generations of residence in the country. Madagascar's history of significant population growth is expected to continue in the years to come, although the rate should decrease somewhat. [86], Tropical cyclones cause damage to infrastructure and local economies as well as loss of life. Kumar, Ann (2012). There 50,000 Muslim refu. Other laws protect individual religious beliefs against abuses by government or private actors. Embassy representatives periodically met with government officials to discuss common concerns among different religious faiths, including statelessness issues. January 17, 2023. . [23], On St. Laurence's Day in 1500, Portuguese explorer Diogo Dias landed on the island and named it So Loureno. This may actually be a good thing, because healthcare, education, water, and sanitation quality are all worse for urban cities in the country. The Quran says in this connection: "Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best." (Quran 16:125) The facts speak for themselves. Among Christians, Protestantism has the most adherents followed by Roman Catholicism. India with 21 million is in second place closely followed by Pakistan (20 million). [37], The public directly elects the president and the 127 members of the National Assembly to five-year terms. The 1930s saw the Malagasy anti-colonial movement gain further momentum. These are complemented by public teacher-training colleges and several private universities and technical colleges. [156] Traditional community tribunals, called dina, are presided over by elders and other respected figures and remain a key means by which justice is served in rural areas where state presence is weak. The country is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. [199][200][36] The annual population growth rate in Madagascar was approximately 2.9percent in 2009. [130], In 2003, Ravalomanana announced the Durban Vision, an initiative to more than triple the island's protected natural areas to over 60,000km2 (23,000sqmi) or 10percent of Madagascar's land surface. [210][37], However, according to the Pew Research Center in 2020, 85% of the population now practiced Christianity, while just 4.5% of Malagasys practiced folk religions; among Christians, practitioners of Protestantism outnumbered adherents of Roman Catholicism. [197] The primary schooling cycle is five years, followed by four years at the lower secondary level and three years at the upper secondary level. [1] The outcome of the referendum, and its consequences for official and national language policy, are not recognized by the political opposition, who cite lack of transparency and inclusiveness in the way the election was organized by the High Transitional Authority. . They settled the north-west of the island (Majunga area) and were the first to actually bring Islam to the island. On Thursday evening, a 25-year-old Algerian migrant was arrested in the 4th arrondissement of Marseille, France. [66], The Merina royal tradition of taxes paid in the form of labor was continued under the French and used to construct a railway and roads linking key coastal cities to Antananarivo. A nation is said to have a Muslim majority if at least half of its citizens are Muslim. According to the constitution, executive power is exercised by the government while legislative power is vested in the ministerial cabinet,[137] the Senate and the National Assembly, although in reality these two latter bodies have very little power or legislative role. Adherents of some evangelical Protestant churches, especially those celebrating their Sabbath on Saturdays, stated they were sometimes denied access to employment and believed it was due to their religious affiliation. towards France. Madagascar. In fact, India and Pakistan's Muslim population (344 million combined) is larger than the population of Muslims in the entire . [36], Chinese, Indian and Comoran minorities are present in Madagascar, as well as a small European (primarily French) populace. [47] The combination of regular warfare, disease, difficult forced labor, and harsh measures of justice resulted in a high mortality rate among soldiers and civilians alike during her 33-year reign; the population of Madagascar is estimated to have declined from around 5million to 2.5million between 1833 and 1839. Qataris are all Muslims and followers of the Sunni Salafi version of Islam. In addition, embassy officials interacted regularly with religious leaders, especially during the health emergency, to discuss the impact of COVID-related restrictions. Much of Madagascar was populated by internal migration before the beginning of the 16th century, giving the theretofore empty lands their tompontany (original inhabitants, or "masters of the soil"). Muslim > Muslim population: Muslim population 2014 Pew Report. Sculptors create a variety of furniture and household goods, aloalo funerary posts, and wooden sculptures, many of which are produced for the tourist market. Probably the descendants of an earlier and less technologically advanced Austronesian settlement wave, the Vazimba were assimilated or expelled from the highlands by the Merina kings Andriamanelo, Ralambo, and Andrianjaka in the 16th and early 17th centuries. The western coast features many protected harbors, but silting is a major problem caused by sediment from the high levels of inland erosion carried by rivers crossing the broad western plains. [33] The oral histories of the Merina people, who may have arrived in the central highlands between 600 and 1,000 years ago, describe encountering an established population they called the Vazimba. Around 88% of the male population is literate, as well as 73% of the female population. Christianity is the country's predominant religion, but a significant minority still practice traditional faiths. The most noteworthy of these were the Zafiraminia, traditional ancestors of the Antemoro, Antanosy and other east coast ethnicities. Status of Government Respect for Religious Freedom, Section III. Embassy officials engaged with religious leaders throughout the year and met with human rights organizations to discuss issues affecting some religious communities, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the difficulties some Muslims encountered in acquiring citizenship. island (Majunga [166] The agriculture sector constituted 29percent of Malagasy GDP in 2011, while manufacturing formed 15percent of GDP. Some Muslims have also reportedly faced ridicule and harassment for being perceived as foreigners despite possessing national identity cards. 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Madagascar, An official website of the United States Government. [86], Madagascar's highest peaks rise from three prominent highland massifs: Maromokotro 2,876m (9,436ft) in the Tsaratanana Massif is the island's highest point, followed by Boby Peak 2,658m (8,720ft) in the Andringitra Massif, and Tsiafajavona 2,643m (8,671ft) in the Ankaratra Massif. 7 min read. Those aged 65 and older form 3 percent of the total population. [187] In addition to the high expense of medical care relative to the average Malagasy income, the prevalence of trained medical professionals remains extremely low. Madagascar's history reflects the immigration of Arabs to the island and continued interactions with Arab merchants and traders. Madagascar is a member of the United Nations, the African Union (AU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Following almost a century of warring and famine, Imerina was reunited in 1793 by King Andrianampoinimerina (17871810). Associations engaging in dangerous or destabilizing activities may be disbanded or have their registration withdrawn. Indonesia is the country with the Largest Muslim population in the world. The main religions of Madagascar are Malagasy Mythology( 50 % of the population follow this) and Christianity. It is common to alternate between religious identities or to mix traditions, and many individuals hold a . The young population, comprising of all individuals in the 15-24 years old age bracket, make up around 20.6% of the total population. To the west of the highlands, the increasingly arid terrain gradually slopes down to the Mozambique Channel and mangrove swamps along the coast. Education became mandatory between the ages of 6 to 13 and focused primarily on French language and practical skills. [36] By comparison, there has been no significant emigration of Malagasy peoples. Child immunizations against such diseases as hepatitis B, diphtheria, and measles increased an average of 60 percent in this period, indicating low but increasing availability of basic medical services and treatments. On multiple occasions the government consulted with the leadership of different religious communities regarding COVID-19 response measures and helped facilitate access for Protestant clergy to visit COVID-19 patients in public hospitals. A wide variety of sweet and savory fritters as well as other street foods are available across the island, as are diverse tropical and temperate-climate fruits. [12] The majority of roads in Madagascar are unpaved, with many becoming impassable in the rainy season. [36], The Malagasy ethnic group forms over 90percent of Madagascar's population and is typically divided into 18 ethnic subgroups. in June 2008 at the Bronx Zoo in New York. Madagascar is a large island located in Southeastern Africa in the Indian Ocean. Institut National de la Statistique, Madagascar. According to leaders of different groups within the Muslim community, current and former political leaders interfered excessively in their internal affairs as they sought to capture Muslim political support. In 2020, Madagascar was also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Muslim leaders again reported that some Muslims continued to encounter difficulty obtaining official documents and services from government offices because of their non-Malagasy-sounding names. History Settlement of Arabs. However, education quality is weak, producing high rates of grade repetition and dropout. Artisan missionary envoys from the London Missionary Society began arriving in 1818 and included such key figures as James Cameron, David Jones and David Griffiths, who established schools, transcribed the Malagasy language using the Roman alphabet, translated the Bible, and introduced a variety of new technologies to the island. The country with the largest number of Muslims overall is Indonesia, which is home to an estimated 231 million Muslims. Members of the Sambava Muslim community said they believed the rejection of the construction permit was discriminatory, given the presence of a Christian church in the same area that regularly rang its church bells. They reported harassment and mocking by public service agents who considered them as foreigners even though they possessed national identity cards. [206][207] French became the official language during the colonial period, when Madagascar came under the authority of France. In 1838, it was estimated that as many as 100,000 people in Imerina died as a result of the tangena ordeal, constituting roughly 20 percent of the population. Later, the authorities issued the construction permit stating their decision was made to ensure social peace, and the new mosque was inaugurated in September. Public schools do not offer religious education. An unelected administration governed Madagascar following a 2009 coup, but the country returned to electoral politics in 2013. On October 22, the embassy organized a virtual roundtable for religious leaders from different faiths to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on religious practices in the country. [140], Antananarivo is the administrative capital and largest city of Madagascar. Over 50percent of the nation's export revenue was spent on debt servicing. [42] Among these were the Betsimisaraka alliance of the eastern coast and the Sakalava chiefdoms of Menabe and Boina on the west coast. [22] The name Madageiscar was first recorded in the memoirs of 13th-century Venetian explorer Marco Polo as a corrupted transliteration of the name Mogadishu, the Somali port with which Marco Polo had confused the island. In terms of geographical data, there are 30 provinces where the majority of the population is Muslim or more than 50% of the population is Muslim. 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